Data

Communiquer la science : une activité désormais centrale, aux formes diverses et engageant de multiples acteurs, compétences et supports. Cet Essentiel propose des regards croisés interdisciplinaires pour explorer les enjeux et les évolutions récentes de l’information et de la communication scientifiques à l’heure du numérique.

This article analyses the initiating role of the steel industry in educational selection by means of psychometric techniques used in the psycho-physiological laboratory associated with a vocational school in Luxembourg founded in 1914. It first considers the origins of, and initial meanings bestowed upon, this first (and perhaps also last) Luxembourg Laboratory of Psychophysiology. Second, it investigates whether and, if so, to what extent psychometric techniques developed

Students and researchers of media and communication sciences study the role of media in our society. They frequently search through media archives to manually select items that cover a certain event. When this is done for large time spans and across media-outlets, this task can however be challenging and laborious. Therefore, up until now the focus of researchers has been on manual and qualitative analyses of newspaper coverage. PoliMedia aims to stimulate and facilitate large-scale, cross-media analysis of the coverage of political events.

This article reconstructs the world of the Dutch amateur film around 1930; a dynamic period during which the amateur film gradually developed from being just one branch of photography (cinematography) to becoming an independent film discipline. On the basis of a series of articles about amateur film, published in the photography magazine 'Focus', we shed light on the changing creative processes and discourses of early amateur films and by extension the ‘making of’ early amateur filmmakers themselves.

Die Sicherheitsvorstellungen in der Bundesrepublik standen im Kalten Krieg im engen Zusammenhang mit den Vorstellungen der sowjetischen Sicherheitspolitik. Die sowje- tische Sicht von europäischen Sicherheitsfragen, darunter die »deutsche Frage«, wurde in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland allerdings durch die schwierigen Kommunikations- möglichkeiten, aber auch wegen des Mangels an Vertrauen gegenüber den sowjetischen Quellen verzerrt.

Décrire la « révolution des données » avec rigueur et esprit critique, loin du bruit qui se forme autour du sujet, tel est le but de cet ouvrage de Rob Kitchin, professeur à l'université nationale irlandaise Maynooth. Spécialiste de géographie urbaine, de ce que l'on appelle la « ville connectée », l'auteur en est venu à s'intéresser aux infrastructures et pratiques numériques et aux notions liées à celle de « donnée », dont il donne ici un panorama documenté et réaliste. Par souci de rigueur...

The arrival on the market of “hyperconnected” glasses is raising many questions on the increasing mediation of social relationships through digital tools. “Google Glasses” are designed to be permanently connected to the Internet, and can be worn all day long to add digital information to our “natural” field of vision and to record our various actions.

Automobile sounds contain information on the technical state of the car; these sounds can be used to monitor the car while driving, and, in case of a flaw, to diagnose its source. For German car mechanics, listening to car sounds was, since the institutionalization of the trade in the 1930s, a legitimate entrance to diagnostic knowledge. The introduction of new diagnostic equipment in the 1950s contested the epistemic status of diagnostic listening.

How has the Internet come about in Europe? How did the “network of networks” and ICTs become political stakes for EU institutions? This chapter proposes to shed light on facts, limits and tensions of the building of a political Union in the ICT regulation field. It analyses the role of various stakeholders, from technical experts to ordinary citizens, according to an historical approach structured around three key notions: appropriating, governing and using the Internet.