Data

The arrival on the market of “hyperconnected” glasses is raising many questions on the increasing mediation of social relationships through digital tools. “Google Glasses” are designed to be permanently connected to the Internet, and can be worn all day long to add digital information to our “natural” field of vision and to record our various actions.

Automobile sounds contain information on the technical state of the car; these sounds can be used to monitor the car while driving, and, in case of a flaw, to diagnose its source. For German car mechanics, listening to car sounds was, since the institutionalization of the trade in the 1930s, a legitimate entrance to diagnostic knowledge. The introduction of new diagnostic equipment in the 1950s contested the epistemic status of diagnostic listening.

How has the Internet come about in Europe? How did the “network of networks” and ICTs become political stakes for EU institutions? This chapter proposes to shed light on facts, limits and tensions of the building of a political Union in the ICT regulation field. It analyses the role of various stakeholders, from technical experts to ordinary citizens, according to an historical approach structured around three key notions: appropriating, governing and using the Internet.

Les humanités digitales se situent à la croisée de l informatique, des arts, des lettres et des sciences humaines et sociales. Elles s enracinent dans un mouvement en faveur de la diffusion, du partage et de la valorisation du savoir. Avec leur apparition, les universités, les lieux de savoir et les chercheurs vivent une transformation importante de leur mode de travail. Cela entraîne une évolution des compétences et des pratiques. Cet ouvrage explique les origines des humanités digitales et ses évolutions.

Since the early years of the trade, car mechanics were often referred to as ‘auto-doctors’, a figuration most readily discernible in the field’s advertisements and trade journals. This linking of car repair craft skills to the clinical expertise of medical physicians is often suggested through depiction of this ‘auto-doctor’ using a stethoscope. Beyond being emblematic of a doctor’s vocation, referencing this tool underlines a tradition common to both professions: namely, of training the expert’s senses to detect and analyse problems in cars and human bodies by their sounds.