Data

The authorities of the Belgian Congo imposed a series of compulsory workloads to the local communities under the argument that these tasks contributed to the ‘education’ of the native populations, which they called ‘Travaux d’ordre e´ducatif’ (TOE). Such workloads represented the main legal form of forced labour which existed in the Belgian Congo from their creation in 1933 until independence in 1960. Unlike what happened in most colonial empires, these workloads were not abolished after the Second World War.

n this paper, we present the annotation guidelines we defined for annotating arguments in political debates. In our guidelines, we consider each argument as being composed of a claim and one or more premises. The annotation process has started with defining the guidelines for three annotators containing examples from the data, and continued as cyclic process of evaluation and revision on the annotation to resolve the ambiguities in the guidelines. In this paper, we briefly discuss the resulting annotated dataset and give some examples of the annotation scheme.

Can digital public history help us to reach a historiography that is closer to life?

L'objectif de cet ouvrage sera de mettre au jour et en perspective les conditions de vie des patients pris en charge par les institutions psychiatriques belges pendant l'occupation de 1914-1918.00Derrière l'image consensuelle d?une petite Belgique unie dans l?adversité du premier conflit mondial, se dessinent des réalités bien complexes. Un des angles morts de ces années de guerre réside dans le sort des patients psychiatriques. Internés dans des grandes structures, tributaires des rations officielles, ceux-ci sont touchés par une surmortalité hors norme.

Am Kader vun engem Recherche-Projet iwwer "100 Joer russesch Emigratioun op Lëtzebuerg" fuerscht d'Inna Ganschow, mat der Ënnerstëtzung vun der Lydie-Schmit-Stëftung, ënnert anerem och iwwer d'Lous vu sowjeteschen Zwangsaarbechter, déi an de Joren 1942 bis 44 op Lëtzebuerger Schmelzen an a Lëtzebuerger Bauerebetriber geschafft hunn.

Présentation des publications numériques sur le processus de la construction européenne analysé dans une perspective transnationale et multidimensionnelle sur le site cvce.eu. Les collections de publications thématiques et le programme d’histoire orale, comprenant près de 100 interviews de personnalités européennes, constituent une approche innovante de la construction européenne.

The First World War was the catalyst for social and technical changes, which gave rise to new administrative needs, materialized by the emergence of a new social group: that of the experts. In modern German and Polish states, a particular group of experts stands out, specializing in a theme with deep cultural roots: eastern Europe.The changes of regime and territory between 1918 and 1972 destabilize the frame of reference of the German and Polish societies, particularly between 1939 and 1945.

The article treats a friendship between a Soviet POW and a Luxemburger in 1944, both working at the Reichsbahn under the German occupation in Luxembourg.

With a long tradition of political stability and social democracy, a creative development model, skilled human capital and a culture of consensus, Luxembourg is at the forefront of Europe. Its main strategic challenge is how to achieve economic diversification while maintaining the sustainability of the Luxembourg social model. The country has embarked on the "third industrial revolution", with innovation as the main driver of sustainable growth and the University of Luxembourg as a major player.

‘Changes were in the air’ – is perhaps the best way to describe the social mood at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s. On the international stage, the gap between the post-war generation, known as the ‘baby boomers’ and the generation that had experienced World War II as adolescents or young adults came to light in the form of student protests, anti-war movements and new concepts of life. It is scarcely a coincidence that there were protests in eastern Belgium too at this time. What were the ‘young wild ones’ protesting against in the German speaking region of Belgium?

Banquier, penseur de la finance internationale et Européen convaincu, Alexandre Lamfalussy (1929-2015) est, sans conteste, l’un des architectes de l’euro. Dans ses jeunes années, il s’intéresse à l’intégration européenne et aux questions financières et monétaires. Lorsqu'il devient banquier, notamment au sein de la BRI (1976-1993), est l’un des premiers à alerter contre l’accumulation des dettes en Amérique latine et à préconiser une meilleure régulation internationale pour éviter les excès.